Determination of volatile compounds (essential oils, terpenes, aromatic compounds)

Volatile compound analysis allows for the identification and quantification of molecules responsible for a product's fragrance, aroma, or functional properties. This analysis covers terpenes, aldehydes, esters, phenols, sulfur compounds, and aromatic compounds present in essential oils, plant extracts, hydrosols, aromatic products, and technical formulations. It is an essential tool for manufacturers seeking to guarantee the quality, traceability, and regulatory compliance of their natural or processed products.

Volatile compounds play a key role in the sensory differentiation, biological efficacy, and commercial value of essential oils, natural ingredients, food flavorings, and plant extracts. Their analysis ensures batch-to-batch consistency, compliance with quality standards, and the detection of potential adulteration.

Industrial interests and objectives of the dosage

The volatile profile of a product allows us to:

• to precisely characterize an essential oil or aromatic extract
• verifying authenticity (detection of synthetic additions, dilutions, substitutions)
• verify compliance with standards (ISO, pharmacopoeias, internal specifications)
• assess the impact of an extraction process (steam, supercritical CO₂, solvents)
• detect undesirable trace compounds (residual solvents, oxidized compounds)
• optimize the formulation of perfumes, aromas or aromatherapy-based supplements

In the food, cosmetics, nutraceutical or phytotherapeutic sectors, the evaluation of the volatile profile guarantees consistent and safe quality for end users.

Analytical techniques used

The analysis relies on gas chromatography techniques specialized in the separation and identification of volatile molecules.

• GC-FID: precise quantification of major and minor volatile compounds
• GC-MS: Structural identification of molecules by mass spectrometry
• Olfactometry (GC-O): sensory profiling coupled with instrumental detection

These techniques allow for a complete, reliable analysis adapted to all types of volatile samples, including complex or multi-component products.

Analyzed matrices

• pure or blended essential oils
• Hydrosols, floral waters and aromatic distillates
• supercritical CO₂ extracts
• aromatic hydroalcoholic extracts
• Food flavorings, natural flavorings, flavor boosters
• herbal food supplements
• perfumed formulas or technical products based on essences

Examples of applications in formulation and quality control

• complete characterization of essential oils (e.g., lavender, eucalyptus, thyme, lemon)
• evaluation of the stability of aromatic compositions over time
• detection of oxidation or degradation (peroxidation, aldehyde formation)
• analysis of compliance with ISO standards for essential oils
• comparative studies between batches or suppliers
• identification of volatile markers of a plant or an extraction
• analysis of contamination by solvents or undesirable compounds

The measurement of volatile compounds also plays a strategic role in the development of new products, sensory optimization and the selection of high-quality natural ingredients.

Additional analyses

To enhance understanding of the chemical and sensory profile, several additional analyses can be performed.

Determination of residual solvents
Important for extracts obtained by liquid or CO₂ extraction.

Antioxidant strength analysis (ASA)
Relevant for essential oils sensitive to oxidation.

Why go through YesWeLab?

YesWeLab simplifies access to the best analytical methods by connecting you to a network of expert laboratories capable of performing GC-FID, GC-MS, and olfactometric analyses according to your needs. Our team selects the laboratory best suited to your matrix, specifications, and regulatory requirements. You benefit from centralized support, scientific guidance, and seamless management of your analyses.