Analysis of thermal degradation

Thermal degradation analysis allows us to assess the thermal stability of a material or compound by measuring the temperature at which it begins to decompose under the influence of heat.
This analysis is essential for understanding the thermal behavior of polymers, composites, cosmetic, food, or plant-based formulations , and for determining their temperature resistance, durability, and suitability for various industrial processes (extrusion, baking, drying, etc.).

Thermal degradation is a complex phenomenon resulting from the breaking of chemical bonds within the material. Controlling it helps prevent alterations in texture, color, composition, or performance during processing and storage.

Analytical methods: TGA and DSC

The assessment of thermal degradation relies on two complementary reference methods:

• Thermogravimetry (TGA/ATG) : This technique measures the mass change of a sample as a function of temperature or time. It allows the identification of decomposition stages , the quantification of volatile matter, water or additive content , and the determination of the degradation temperature (Td) .
• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) : it measures the heat fluxes absorbed or released during thermal transitions (melting, crystallization, oxidation, decomposition). DSC complements thermal gas analysis (TGA) by providing information on the endothermic and exothermic reactions associated with degradation.

These analyses, often combined, provide a complete view of the overall thermal behavior of a material or formulation.

For further information, see also the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) analysis , two key methods in thermal characterization.

Matrices and application domains

Thermal degradation analysis applies to a wide variety of solid, liquid, or semi-solid matrices , including:

• Polymers and composites : evaluation of the thermal stability of plastics, resins and elastomers for quality control and design of high-performance materials.
• Cosmetic and pharmaceutical products : determination of the resistance of formulas to heat (creams, powders, gels, natural extracts).
• Food and nutraceutical products : analysis of the denaturation of proteins, sugars or fats during thermal processes (cooking, drying, freeze-drying).
• Plant extracts and powders : study of the stability of active and antioxidant compounds during storage or processing.
• Packaging materials : control of heat resistance and polymer decomposition under extreme conditions.

These analyses are crucial to ensure the stability, safety and regulatory compliance of finished products.

Industrial and scientific applications

Thermal degradation analysis is used in various industrial sectors:

• Materials and polymers : optimizing formulations to improve heat resistance and the lifespan of finished products.
• Agri-food and nutraceuticals : mastery of thermal processes to preserve the nutritional quality and structure of ingredients.
• Cosmetics : study of the stability of formulations containing essential oils, waxes or polymers.
• Packaging and plastics processing : evaluation of the thermal behavior of materials used for food or pharmaceutical packaging.
• R&D and innovation : characterization of new materials and control of their thermal resistance before being placed on the market.

These analyses can be combined with other complementary tests such as heat capacity analysis or flammability testing for a complete understanding of a material's thermal and safety profile.

Challenges for quality control and performance

The study of thermal degradation allows us to:

• Identify the critical decomposition temperature of the materials.
• Evaluate the durability and heat resistance of the finished products.
• Anticipate the risks of degradation during transport, storage or industrial processes.
• Optimize production parameters to guarantee product quality and conformity.

The results obtained provide essential data for stability studies , regulatory compliance and the formulation of high-performance materials suitable for various thermal environments.

YesWeLab's expertise

YesWeLab provides access to a network of partner laboratories accredited to ISO 17025 and COFRAC , experts in thermal and physicochemical analyses.
Our experts support you in selecting analytical methods , interpreting results , and validating thermal performance according to your industrial needs.

Thanks to its digital platform , YesWeLab simplifies the management of your analyses: requesting quotes, tracking samples and receiving results reports.

For any specific request or thermal stability study, contact our scientific team now for complete support in your analysis and characterization projects.